Perovskite Solar Cells are a type of solar cell that uses perovskite-type organic metal halide semiconductors as light-absorbing materials. They belong to the third generation of solar cells and are also called new concept solar cells. The core part of the perovskite solar cell is the perovskite light-absorbing layer. This material has excellent photoelectric conversion performance and can effectively convert the energy of sunlight into electrical energy.
Working principle of perovskite solar cells
The working principle of perovskite cells is based on the photoelectric effect. When the photon energy is higher than the band gap of the semiconductor, the semiconductor material absorbs the photon and generates electron-hole pairs. These electron-hole pairs are separated and transmitted to the electrode under the action of the electric field, and finally generate current. Perovskite materials have a continuously adjustable band gap range, which makes their band gap very close to the optimal band gap, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency.
Structural composition of perovskite solar cells
Perovskite cells are mainly composed of the following key parts:
Transparent conductive substrate: Usually made of materials such as fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) or indium-doped tin oxide (ITO), with high light transmittance and good conductivity.
Electron transport layer: Located between the transparent conductive substrate and the perovskite light-absorbing layer, its main function is to transport electrons. Common materials include titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO).
Perovskite light-absorbing layer: This is the core part of the perovskite cell, mainly composed of organic halide perovskite materials with ABX3 structure.
Hole transport layer: Located between the perovskite light-absorbing layer and the metal electrode, its main function is to transport holes. Common materials include Spiro-OMeTAD, etc.
Metal electrode: Usually made by evaporating a layer of gold, silver or aluminum on the outside of the hole transport layer to improve the conductivity of the electrode.
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