The production process of photovoltaic modules (solar cell modules) mainly includes the following key steps, as follows:
1. Cell detection and sorting
Purpose: Ensure the efficiency, color and size of the cells are consistent.
Steps:
Detect the defects of hidden cracks, broken grids and other defects of the cells through EL (electroluminescence).
Classify (sort) by current, voltage and power to avoid mixed grades affecting the performance of the modules.
2. Welding (series welding)
Purpose: Connect the cells in series into a cell string.
Steps:
Single welding: Connect the main grid line on the front of the cell with a welding ribbon (tin-coated copper ribbon).
Series welding: Connect multiple cells in series into a cell string (such as 6×10, 6×12, etc. layout).
Equipment: Automatic string welding machine
3. Laminating (laying)
Purpose: Stack the cell string with the packaging material to prepare for laminating.
Steps:
Lay from bottom to top: backplane (TPT/TPE) → EVA film → battery string → EVA film → tempered glass.
Ensure that the battery string is aligned to avoid offset.
4. Laminating
Purpose: Through heating and vacuum pressurization, the EVA is melted and solidified to form a sealed protective layer.
Steps:
Put the stack into the solar panel laminator, vacuum and heat (about 140-150℃), and the EVA is cross-linked and solidified.
After cooling, a "sandwich" structure (glass-EVA-battery-EVA-backplane) is formed.
5. Frame installation (frame installation)
Purpose: Enhance mechanical strength and facilitate installation.
Steps:
The aluminum frame is fixed to the edge of the laminate by corner code and silicone seal.
Some frameless modules use special packaging technology (such as double glass components).
6. Install the junction box
Purpose: Export current and protect the circuit.
Steps:
The junction box is pasted to the reserved position of the backplane, and the soldering tape is connected to the diode in the box.
Sealant (such as silicone) ensures waterproof and weather resistance.
7. Cleaning and testing
Purpose: Ensure that the appearance and electrical performance of the modules are qualified.
Steps:
Clean the surface stains and residual glue.
EL test: Secondary detection of hidden cracks and cold solder joints.
Electrical performance test: Measure power (IV curve), open circuit voltage, short circuit current, etc., and calibrate according to STC (standard test conditions).
8. Packaging and storage
Steps:
Label (including power, voltage, certification information, etc.).
Packaging (shockproof, moisture-proof), usually transported in pallet form.
QINHUANGDAO SHUOGU PHOTOVOLTAIC SCIENCE&TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD., a professional manufacturer of solar production line equipment with more than 10 years. The solar panel production line laminator produced by Shuogu solar has spread all over the world. We can customerize solar panel production line equipment and solar glass lamianting machine to customers.
If you want to know more about our product, please feel free to contact us.
